WHOOL! fantastic world 工作，学习，生活

原文地址: http://www.whool.net/archives/9782

161. In a study of reading habits of Leeville citizens
conducted by the University of Leeville, most respondents said they
preferred literary classics as reading material. However, a
follow-up study conducted by the same researchers found that the
type of book most frequently checked out of each of the public
libraries in Leeville was the mystery novel. Therefore, it can
be concluded that the respondents in the first study had
misrepresented their reading habits.

1
两次调查的样本不一样,一个是市民一个是借书者.

2 图书馆的借书频率不能所民他们撒谎

(1)公共图书馆中古典小说数量少,神秘小说多.所以人们借的神秘小说数量大.

(2)调查中用的是人们借书的频率,古典小说的读者看得比较慢,人们花得时间多,神秘小说人们当作消遣,阅读速度快,所以频率快.

3
喜欢古典小说的人很有可能自己买了书自己看,从图书馆中借的人少了.神秘小说人们只是随便看看,所以去图书馆借

4也可能是调查时间太长了,人们的阅读兴趣改变了.

结论:不能通过两次调查结果的差异说明第一次人们是在撒谎.

166. The following appeared in a local newspaper.

“People should not be misled by the advertising competition
between Coldex and Cold-Away, both popular over-the-counter cold
medications that anyone can purchase without a doctor’s
prescription. Each brand is accusing the other of causing some
well-known, unwanted side effect: Coldex is known
to contribute to existing high blood pressure and Cold-Away is
known to cause drowsiness. But the choice should be clear for most
health-conscious people: Cold-Away has been on the
market for much longer and is used by more hospitals than is
Coldex. Clearly, Cold-Away is more effective.”

CA比C好:理由:CA
上市比较早,更多的医院使用.

1
上市比较早不一定就好,后上市的产品可能吸取了之前产品经验,疗效上更好.

2
医院使用多并不能说明这种药好,由于这种药是非处方药,医院的提供的选择不一定是最好的.这种药上市比较久,医院可能一直用的.

3
按照上面的说法,两种药都有副作用,人们应该根据自己的具体情况选择药品.

结论,不能仅仅以上市时间的早晚和使用的医院数目的多少来判断,人们要根据自己的情况自己选择.

178. The following appeared in the annual report from the
president of the National Brush Company.

“In order to save money, we at the National Brush Company
have decided to pay our employees for each brush they produce
instead of for the time they spend producing brushes. We
believe that this policy will lead to the production of more and
better brushes, will allow us to reduce our staff size, and will
enable the company factories to operate for fewer hours-resulting
in savings on electricity and security costs. These changes will
ensure that the best workers keep their jobs and that the company
will earn a profit in the coming year.”

1 单纯用件数作为标准不能带来more and batter
的刷子,可能会造成人们为了造更多的刷子而使质量受到影响.另一方面工人对这种变化的反对和不适应可能让情况变得更加糟糕.

2
没有证据表明按件记工资的办法可以让工作效率提高,改变之后达到减少成本的效果.

3
最好的工人不一定就是最快的,好的工人的质量好,产量可能还比不上有些做的特别快但质量不是很好的.可能会造成好的工人的流失.

结论:单纯通过改变工资方式并不一定达到预期的目标,需要经过更多的调查找到更好的解决办法.

185. The following appeared in a letter from the owner of the
Sunnyside Towers apartment building to its manager.

“One month ago, all the showerheads on the first five floors
of Sunnyside Towers were modified to restrict the water flow to
approximately 1/3 of its original force. Although actual readings
of water usage before and after the adjustment are not yet
available, the change will obviously result in a considerable
savings for Sunnyside Corporation, since the corporation must pay
for water each month. Except for a few complaints about low water
pressure, no problems with showers have been reported since the
adjustment. Clearly, restricting water flow throughout all the
20 floors of Sunnyside Towers will increase our profits
further.”

2
不同楼层的情况不一样.底层的水压要高,高层的水压要小,将20层的水压降低,会使高楼层的居民不满意.

3,不过人们已经开始投诉了,说明人们对这种做法是反对的，若住户不满意退房会减少很多收入。而且水费只是很小的开支，减少不一定能提高利润。

191. The following is a letter from a professor at Xanadu
College to the college’s president.
"The development of an extensive computer-based long-distance
learning program will enhance the reputation of Xanadu College.
This program would allow more students to enroll in our courses,
thereby increasing our income from student tuition. Traditional
courses could easily be adapted for distance learners, as was shown
by the adaptation of two traditional courses for our distance
learning trial project last year. Also, by using computer programs
and taped lectures, faculty will have fewer classroom obligations
and more time to engage in extensive research, thereby enhancing
the reputation of Xanadu."

1
没有证据说采用了计算机远程教学系统，就可以增加学生，提高学费收入。有多少学生接受这样的教学。学生选择学校的因素：师资，学费，
声誉。

2传统课程转成远程容易。首先没有证据说试点的两个课程很成功。其次，课程不一样,是不是所有的课程都适合改成远程的。

3
员工去教室少了，不代表他们就会去进行科研活动.而且科研活动的时间多，不一定有成效，不一定可以增加声誉。去教室少可能还会影响声誉。

4
可能会带来的负作用：学有共同学习的气氛，老师和学生没有互动。搞不好学校声誉会下降。

192. The following is a letter to the editor of the Roseville
Gazette.
"Despite opposition from some residents of West Roseville, the
arguments in favor of merging the township
s of Roseville and West Roseville are overwhelming. First,
residents in both townships are confused about which authority to
contact when they need a service; for example, the police
department in Roseville receives many calls from residents of West
Roseville. This sort of confusion would be eliminated with the
merger. Second, the savings in administrative costs would be
enormous, since services would no longer be
duplicated: we would have only one fire chief, one
tax department, one mayor, and so on. And no jobs in city
government would be lost-employees could simply be reassigned. Most
importantly, the merger will undoubtedly attract business
investments as it did when the townships of Hamden and North Hamden
merged ten years ago."
论断：尽管一些WR的居民反对，合并R和WR的好处还是占上风的。

1
理由不够,只是提供了警属电话,不具有代表性.需要更多的理由来说明.

2合并就可以减少开支?
合并以后仍然需要这么多人做这些事情,而且合并以后由于范围变大了,需要的管理人员更多了,而且服务质量也不一定得到保证.

3
十年前其他地方的经验不一定适合我们地区,情况不一样了,如果没有其他的措施,不一定就可以带来商贸投资.经济发展环境的因素可能更重要

结论:没有足够的证据表明合并能降低管理成本,应该继续讨论,寻找更好的解决办法,改名也可以的.

202. Humans arrived in the Kaliko Islands about 7,000 years
ago, and within 3,000 years most of the large mammal species that
had lived in the forests of the Kaliko Islands had become extinct.
Yet humans cannot have been a factor in the species’ extinctions,
because there is no evidence that the humans had any significant
contact with the mammals. Further, archaeologists have discovered
numerous sits where the bones of fish had been discarded, but they
found no such areas containing the bones of large mammals, so the
humans cannot have hunted the mammals. Therefore, some climate
changes or other environmental factor must have caused the species’
extinctions.

2没有遗弃骨头的地方不代表人们不猎杀.人们只是把肉带回来了,或者把骨头也处理掉了.

3 不一定就是气候因素,生物的进化的不定向也是造成灭绝的可能原因.

需要更多的研究来找到CI灭亡的原因,人类的影响不能忽略,同时还有更多的因素需要考虑.

208. The following appeared in a memorandum from the planning
department of an electric power company.

“Several recent surveys indicate that homeowners are
increasingly eager to conserve energy and manufactures are now
marketing many home appliances, such as refrigerators and air
conditioners, that are almost twice as energy-efficient as those
sold a decade ago. Also, new technologies for better home
insulation and passive solar heating are readily available to
reduce the energy needed for home heating. Therefore, we anticipate
that the total demand for electricity in our area will not
increase, and many decline slightly. Since our three electric
generating plants in operation for the past 20 years have always
met our needs, construction of new generation plants should not
be necessary.”

1人们的期望不代表能愿意换新电器，这些电器可能很贵,旧的电器可能还要继续使用.

1
工业用电的增加,地区里有了越来越多的工厂.商业的发展,写字楼的出现,也大大增加了用电量.

2
人口的不断增加,越来越多新的家庭,虽然每一个少了,但是人们有了更多的用电的设备.比如空调
电热水器,电脑.电器的普及.

3
充足的电力对投资者有吸引力,为了增加我们地区的竞争力我们需要更多的电力.

210.The following is a letter to the editor of a news
magazine.

“Clearly, the successful use of robots on missions to
explore outer space in the past 20 years demonstrates that robots
could be increasingly used to perform factory work more
effectively, efficiently, and profitably than human factory
workers. The use of robots in factories would offer several
advantages. First, robots never get sick, so absenteeism would be
reduced. Second, robots do not make mistakes, so factories would
increase their output. Finally, the use of robots would also
improve the morale of factory workers, since factory work can be so
boring that many workers would be glad to shift to more interesting
kinds of tasks.”

论断：机器人探索外空间在过去20年里的成功使用表明机器人在工厂里的更多使用能比工人更有好，更有效，利润更多。

(1)
有无适合用于工厂使用的机器人。外空间探索与工厂工作是两回事，软硬件要求都不一样。

(2) 机器人不生病但是会坏，机器人会出故障，不但停工还得花钱修。

(3) 不出错不代表速度快，可能效率低，产量不会增加。

(4) 不一定能提高士气。可能工作还是枯燥，而且有失业压力。

(5)
利润不一定上升。买机器人的钱，维修的钱。技术工人的钱等等。不是所以有的行业都适合。

217. The following appeared in a brochure promoting the
purchase of local franchises for a national chain of gyms.

“Now is the time to invest in a franchise so that you can
profit from opening one of our gyms in your town. Consider the
current trends: Power-Lift Gyms are already popular
among customers in 500 locations, and national surveys indicate
increasing concern with weight loss and physical fitness.
Furthermore, last year’s sales of books and magazines on personal
health totaled more than $50 million, and purchases of home
exercise equipment almost doubled. Investing now in a Power-Lift
Gym franchise will guarantee a quick profit.”

1
人们关注减肥和健身不一定要去体育馆，书籍销量也不代表人们的关心程度。而且买家庭健身器具的人可能更倾向于在家里锻炼。

3
前景好,竞争一定也很强烈,不一定能盈利，买器材，买特许权，请教练等的花费可能很高。不一定能吸引顾客。没有足够的证据表明P可以在竞争中取得成功

结论:虽然人们越来越多的关注各自的健康问题,并不说明P就一定能盈利,我们需要对市场进行更多的研究.

原文地址: http://www.whool.net/archives/9779

结论：信息化时代，信息量前所未有的增加，我们需要通过电视了解更多的知识，但只有通过读书才能更好的学习知识。